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| Learn Carpets |
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Weaving of a carpet
As every knot is fastened separately, the opportunity of absolutely individual color registration and a choice of a pattern is provided. Weaving is carried out on memory or on samples. As weaved-in knots always are tightened downwards, east carpets already at a stage of their weaving have typical inclination of pile, a so-called stroke. It is always inverted to the initial side of weaving of a carpet. Thus, there is an opportunity to speak about the top and bottom, right and left sides of a nodular carpet.
With a view of economy of time and a material, weaver distributes one color after another, knot for knot, on the appropriate positions of each lines of knots. He acts the same way with the subsequent colors. Already during weaving a weaver cuts pile strings approximately at a level of the planned height of pile. After manufacturing each lines of knots he lays in a cross direction one or the several wefts strings. After that intensive impact heavy brush-like is made by the tool which influences already plaited site with a view of condensation of pile.
In summary pile has haircut up to a level of its final height. Thus the following rule operates: the is more thin knots, the it is below necessary to cut pile. If it is excessively high, it may result in an inclination of pile, and the pattern appears indistinct. |
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Pile Weave
Pile weave or knotted weave refers to the method of weaving used in most rugs. In this technique the rug is woven by creation of knots. A short piece of yarn is tied around two neighboring warp strands creating a knot on the surface of the rug. After each row of knots is created, one or more strands of weft are passed through a complete set of warp strands. Then the knots and the weft strands are beaten with a comb securing the knots in place. Even though all pile rugs are woven with knots, different weaving groups use different types of knots. The weaving process begins at the bottom of the loom and moves upward as the horizontal rows of knots and wefts are added. |
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Every single knot is tied by hand. A rug can consist of 25 to over 1000 knots per square inch. A skillful weaver is able to tie a knot in about ten seconds, meaning 6 knots per minute or 360 knots per hour. That means it would take a skillful weaver 6480 hours to weave a 9x12-foot rug with a density of 150 knots per square inch. If we divide this number by 8-hour working days, that means it would take one weaver 810 days (approximately two and a half years) to weave such a rug. A rug as large as a 9x12 is usually woven in a workshop or master workshop setting by two or three weavers, so the above time can be reduced by half or third. Imagine if the knot density is even higher! Handmade rugs are functional and exceptional works of art created with great patience.
Flat Weave
Flat weave refers to a technique of weaving where no knots are used in the weave. The warp strands are used as the foundation and the weft stands are used as both part of the foundation and in creating the patterns. The weft strands are simply passed (woven) through the warp strands. Some examples of this weaving method can be seen in kilims, soumaks and brocades. These weavings are called flat weaves since no knots are used in the weaving process and their surface looks flat.
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Kilim
Kilim rugs are the most well-known group of flat-woven rugs. They take less time to weave; as a result, they are generally less expensive than pile (knotted) rugs. However, in the recent years they have become more popular and their prices have relatively increased. The main difference between kilims and pile rugs is that in kilims the weft strands create the colorful patterns. No rows of knots are added. The weft strands, unlike a pile rug, are discontinuous. They do not pass through the warp strands from selvage to selvage (edge to edge). The weft strands are passed through a few warp strands; then, they loop back around when they reach a section where a new color weft is needed. |
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Soumak
Soumak weaving is another method of flat weaving. This rug weaving technique is used by the Caucasian weaving group. They have been using this unique method of flat weaving for generations. The Soumak technique refers to a method of flat weaving where the wefts are passed over two or four warps and back under one or two warps.
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Brocade
Brocading is also a form of flat weaving. Brocades already have a foundation (a warp and a weft). The foundation is patterned by additional colored weft strands, which can be continuous or discontinuous, and are passed through the already existing warp and weft strands. |
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Hand Tufted
A hand-tufted rug is created without tying knots into the foundation, but rather by pushing wool or arcylic yarn through a primary backing, creating a 'tuft'. Then, using a latex glue to hold the 'tufts' in place, a rugmaker will apply a secondary foundation, or 'scrim', which is then covered by a third and final cloth backing to protect your floor. The final step involves shearing the tops of the looped tufts to create the pile. The height of the pile is determined by how much yarn is cut off, and how far the initial loop was pushed up.
Hand-tufted rug makers use a tool called a 'tufting gun' which holds the yarn, to push through the primary backing which is stretched in place on a frame. This method of rug making is less time consuming than hand-tying each knot, but still requires a high level of craftsmanship to efficiently and accurately portray the intricate designs. The design is determined by transferring a pattern onto the primary foundation, this acts as a template showing the craftsman where to push through each colored tuft.
Hand-tufted rugs can be made faster than hand-knotted rugs, therefore they are generally less expensive than their hand-knotted counterparts. The tufting method creates a highly durable and beautifully accurate handmade rug that will weather foot traffic for years to come. |
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